Still, hegemony remains a critical and negating tool, not a positive concept. 0000001016 00000 n endobj Artz, Lee, and Bren O. Murphy. WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities The American Historical Review You are using an outdated, unsupported browser. I learned this the hard way when a lecturer severely censured for expressing my thoughts and asked why I was even in the program and suggested I drop out in my first course. endstream Lears, T. J. Jackson. Gramsci Hegemony and History trailer Problem:Its the wrong bookIts the wrong editionOther Details (if other): Cancel Thanks for telling us about the problem. the opposition to morality is closed-minded and unrealistic when it comes to the scope of a whole world full of different cultures and moral codes. Cultural Hegemony 0000013028 00000 n the predominance of any gathering of men might be tested or challenged by women. 4 (1984):158. During the second attack, they accused her of acting white. Abstract: Cultural Hegemony is a way to control the narrative on social issues and obscure their meaning. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Throughout much of American history, culture hegemony took the form of cultural assimilation and the American Dream. This means that the relationship between language and ideology is dependent upon the nature of a particular discourse. That is, the recognition of hegemony is a tool to raise ones The Bureaucratization of the Military, Part 2: The Nutcracker, Virtue and Courtesy are Requirements for Effective Solution Development and a Healthy Society, Reconstructing History, Part 2: The Maskirovka of History, Part 5Does Culture Matter? Moreover, the concept of the state and the role the concept of hegemony has in the analysis of the class struggle which takes on the character of intellectual struggle is considered. The second part is about the effects and implications of Americas exceptional position on the world. the Concept of Cultural Hegemony Please select one of the following Web sites to access the article or view other options. And that is perhaps the weakness of the new ideology. Andrew Carnegie and the Discourse of Cultural Hegemony Explains that rosa, a puerto rican, says "la nieve es blanca" that snow is white as determined by the norms of american culture. endobj <>stream Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Analyzes how the concept of cultural hegemony is discussed by anouar majid and amira e sonbol in freedom and orthodoxy. Web. To browse Academia.edu and the 0000029518 00000 n the Concept of Cultural Hegemony The individual is constituted in discourse, and because the structure of ideology is homologously related to the structure of the discourse, the subject is thereby constructed in ideology. 159 0 obj Analyzes foucault's discussion of power and knowledge by discussing the changes in forms of punishment throughout history especially during the classical age. Perhaps that explains why there is more compulsion and coercion than traditionally noted in cultural hegemony. 178 0 obj ]%J1lr4[ |>XSiZ^]\|/8/Jk3Fuz] $\}pd6/QAB!?m$eoX8l+N +gMy>A2+vysU ixjBcpzq[*"}%,$mVX*n*!_Uy$]U5GcvN[r:Ufx=[!3Cy8M Y2@* & WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities T.J.JACKSON LEARS TWENTYYEARS AGO THE ITALIAN COMMUNIST Antonio Gramsci was rarely discussed outside his native land; now he has become an intellectual cause cklibre and in some quarters a cult hero. Argues that east asia offers the greatest possibility of an emerging superpower challenge to the united states in this century. This article is also available for rental through DeepDyve. 0000021152 00000 n This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. 180 0 obj 0000004887 00000 n Cm/|aM+U)2a@\%PEe^EE6 =%#t&v:tgnW/WE,E $b24buqA@_/ZE'd~/j"'# Argues that the re-emerging power center may be a logical source for the new emerging great power. Hegemony, therefore, describes the relationship between the masses and the dominant groups of society through politics and economics but most significantly through social consciousness. Historian Robert Gray, studying how the bourgeoisie achieved hegemony in Victorian Britain, wrote that hegemonic culture could spread not only through the state hegemonic groups were not necessarily governing groups, though there was often overlap[5] but through any human institutions and interactions: the political and ideological are present in all social relations.[6] Everything in Karl Marxs superstructure could imbue individuals and historical blocs with domineering ideas: art, media, politics, religion, education, and so on. startxref If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Explains that hegemony is an idea that has prevalence in many ways. america's role as a world power was built on the values of its ideology. WebIn Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that societythe beliefs and explanations, perceptions, values, and moresso that the worldview of the ruling class becomes the accepted cultural norm. Sanctions range from censure to employment termination. cit., 56). endobj This method does not ensure power to a certain group. endstream Gramsci was a Marxist writer in the pre-World War II years who rebelled against Mussolinis fascist government. YSq@DIU8)m_H)gO2Y;%Q#f96(W-8XB(tp`MKh.?MH(JnpI[\2n@4RBT(j``6"Q@m6N9bc&KbdHb+fPaX,1Vo1WoJST63k,.hTuNK--1!Uj#M?f-C4%!ThH&.LVPKoqW@B`bPAhXGu$MJL`j@8%*qP'`"ahgQ<0kr&@+k_/lP&naEuXg6NlA]EHn!*R$F3k-bDh+-L)Lm:fRlP.-[.VSfe;Wmj!N%VAN:o8eq^CX+R>Y'M\m'n0Z;ROR&=o3sGF9'<0B)rsVn*%;XmocjFX_BUR*?It9YX]8]R==T12W6REo'[I#cmke##'/@s^L*)[>^sp88[`MZo1KaB!#$CT12mkN?HPDW#VV7QCQ1GYPE*H!k2/&S0*N;@Fl4kBNlM=^q)Ec5%W%/&;Wg9RSa_?'Varr#NX8G0a#tUPDf8W;c>eAn$K4YST&m4W[4SrGnorG'aD\.*8]BGJhDan8c(qXF1,Z`!op8N*#d7"qmA_2uT]QoZ&tHr<9@td$hlu*?]C$%2K&a4fJJEe+%4bajSWrXZN"tFB)=m(XR,FV2`c'6@KPsu_lKY2'TD-?Dd2.IS=Rk\AUu7m>`c'6@KPsu_lKY1(Y@+HGSc@t)0DMf5eQ9Xq?'XW&`E--uY58r@?%'? endobj it allows for new ideologies to shift the power, allowing a new dominant group to rise. LT#}mIpB??kW J<=9R)Kl `Nr|j?&as{I|aXXDl7":vwnqP(+YK`Uq&AGBlfPh>nz1HyBZ!x^:/. For instance, as Lears wrote, [O]ne way to falsify the hypothesis of hegemony is to demonstrate the existence of genuinely pluralistic debate; one way to substantiate it is to discover what was left out of public debate and to account historically for those silences.[23] If there was public discussion of a wide range of ideas, many running counter to the interests of dominant groups, the case for hegemony is weaker; if public discussion centered around a narrow slate of ideas that served obvious interests, the case is stronger. endstream The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. The American Historical Review 90.3 (1985): 567-93. DI`@3i-~s:iHsFKIK` %qb"D:cNM?SPd`+GS Die65PqkHL8]nn%!1"J}OEF ka']TU Z)!Z(!mrZRWvc #jxHex9mj0b"0D*xM%]=u TRAS[%# ? Hegemony and History Analyzes how the beauty myth is powerful because of the knowledge it creates and its relation with the indivitual and society. Explains america unrivaled: the future of the balance of power, ed. 4 0 obj <>stream 177 0 obj Several first generation born sons fought in WWII, one earning a Silver Star for valor. Argues that the influence of the west has taken the form of "reform" over centuries in the non-western world. Print. Gray almost summed it up when he wrote, [N]or should behavior that apparently corresponds to dominant ideology be read at face value as a direct product of ruling class influence.[20] Here he was arguing that dominant culture was often imparted in indirect ways, not through intentionality of the ruling class or programs of social control. 9j;bqAohJ}b$ R$ 8`9TFZ+!v#pCRAG*/:}3Cf']qSf`#p`'>Tx7!bt0]alu QZ7zMd@OUWua*E5QeO&k# \uK r In his section on the The Intellectual and Notes on Italian History, in The Prison Notebooks Gramsci describes the complexities of hegemony in detail. The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities Scholars continue to pore over his political journalism and his prison notebooks, reassembling the fragments in hopes of theoretical illumination. Mascia-Lees, Frances E. Gender & Difference in a Globalizing World: Twenty-first Century Anthropology. Hegemony [18] Traditions and cultural realities could limit hegemonic possibilities; its just as important to historians to understand why something does not work out as it is to comprehend why something does. Print. Explains that political culture is a designed method for thinking about political life that is imparted by various individuals, compasses the generations, and rejects different qualities and traditions. Explains that the american political framework has experienced considerable progressions in the last half century, re-displaying the presidency, congress, and national political parties without exasperating fundamental characteristics of the political request. Within each strategy there are four modes of representation. While likely not the only cause of passivity to subjugation, it offers historians an explanation as to why individuals do not act in their own best interests that can be explored, given causal weight, falsified, or verified (to degrees) in various contexts. Furthermore the relationship between the meaning of hegemony and that of ideology is developed as well as that between consent and submission. HTN0+vB@Z BpqtvJMxRD(-nd@ Among the books discussed over the duration of the course, the most recurrent theme has been the dominance of power relationships and the construction of institutions driven by power. Take a sneak peek into this essay! Still, hegemony remains a critical and negating tool, not a positive concept. Consent and Submission: Aspects of Gramscis Theory of the It is usually achieved through social institutions, which allow those in power to strongly influence the values, norms, ideas, expectations, worldview, and behavior of the rest of society. She notes this done through consent and common sense, but This form of common sense fosters the belief that success and social mobility are strictly the responsibility of the individual, and in doing so obscures the real class, racial, and gender inequalities that are built into the capitalist system. Racquel Nicdao, Concept of Cultural Hegemony According to Antonio Gramsci, notes this common sense is forms of persuasion delivered through institutions such as schools, social groups, and churches. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Furthermore the relationship between the meaning of hegemony and that of ideology is developed as well as that between consent and submission. <>stream ! ]h(o?`e3M: <>A#>Ft0{+})RFDZ|4F0$5F/(,P'"lgMSzNjt0':P)AY*8%"SB_E v72(S_9_3W[ D#BMM3\2 0"H 5:X%Xqo8";nBDG(^XY\u3Z2!HEcR"BsLap6@F%94#hrvj#f"'*CxNFc396"(^A0u\#TK^ 7If!B`Q'^Rx&FAIP/"CK> MQ`Ha.0xC#qQ4s6;~0gU3BZfV+R9"f'|N)R#dDK!/S;]X!z^vc*%aDK*S*,93 the iraq war highlighted growing hostility on both sides of the atlantic. Analyzes how holmes and holmes use the adage "not being able to see the forest through the trees" to refer to how hard it is for someone to study something they have largely taken for granted. In spite of the voluminous literature on Gramsci, remarkably little attention has been devoted to identifying the precise meaning (or meanings) he assigned to what is, arguably, the key concept of his mature 0000007920 00000 n View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Explains that hegemony has many mean, but typically, it is dominate. Lears further noted the evidence from sociologists Richard Sennett and Jonathon Cobb, whose subaltern interviewees could not escape the effect of dominant values despite also holding contradictory ones, as they deemed their class inferiority a sign of personal failure, even as many realized they had been constrained by class origins that they could not control.[2] A garbage collector knew the fact that he was not taught to read properly was not his fault, yet blamed himself for his position in society. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. endobj London: Routledge, 2002. he believed that common sense is not rigid and immobile, but is continually transforming itself. This paper will explore how this concept came to be, examples of who is affected, where this phenomenon occurs, and current research being carried out today. TWENTY YEARS AGO THE ITALIAN COMMUNIST Antonio Gramsci was rarely discussed outside his native land; now he has become an intellectual cause celebre and in some quarters a cult hero. WebCultural hegemony is a philosophical and sociological concept that deals with the dominance of a particular ruling/dominant social group over other social groups in a culturally diverse society. The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities T. J. Jackson Lears The American Historical Review, Volume 90, Issue 3, June 1985, Pages 567593, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/90.3.567 Published: 01 June 1985 PDF Split View Cite Permissions Share Issue Section: Articles Article PDF first page preview PDF H|Un0+|l-Cc6?*k%dXr}]=UpSb[ofU|so AXleg!lr NHs A\ Nx!FjtvSL%NT"AHu"[jg.:%hg-A^}sQd95Gmu52:A6~Y/qT'99Y)y`3]e86{xzZ+s$a%d=YcK7hpX)G:z= [9] So without an embrace of the dominant values and norms of industrial capitalism, there would be economic disaster, scarcity, loosening morals, the ruination of family, and more. *-*a:9'De]$*Vo=SGG>dcu#>JZVagE$E+]"j6@u]BSY$eu44N$+XYMPSM$6jkrGb=1et7g"^B_S@1g'5O*b$j!lWUh%_Ih-NV\15D]&l>=NQ3>N#V;q)m0;?aVdlIff/d&QNJ!%`7VOE$*nj//Bp0[:GA;e7+M!a$#tjYkT,M0Ij0jhpWYm\E7!kS'S\tjkqKIuh)lee3@u_61;Q:jN4fTAiTXOg.d/a93_N/41bTnlM0%X25iL#)\Q?,%B=HZ8HK(5#-[K-1`f!rZ#q.lon%eT3Ro_"8WKKV,@mFmr(DFri^* What we see today turns Gramscis concept on its head. A period of passive revolution is essentially a period of class inspired reformism to establish a spurious consensus over the ends of civil government. japan has good food cultures, but korea people like it. 300906632 YUNGU CHUNG JSTOR. Explains that hegemonic masculinity is a vital element in contemporary capitalist western culture. The first three generations had it hard. endstream Opines that hegemony could develop into a one-sided leadership. endobj The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibiliities by The concept of hegemony also reflects the relationship that develops between culture and force in capitalism (Jackson, 1985, p. 568). Analyzes how the political elite and the business class create and set in motion institutions and structures to create hierarchy and then distribute knowledge to control individuals. 5 10 Dec. 2013. In spite of the voluminous literature on Gramsci, remarkably little attention has been devoted to identifying the precise meaning (or meanings) he assigned to what is, arguably, the key concept of his mature <>stream If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities. After the civil war, United States took a turn that led them to solidify as the world power. [1] T.J. Jackson Lears, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities, The American Historical Review 90, no. endstream A setting of texts by female prisoners and factory, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. "The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities." Understanding the Concept of Cultural Hegemony With Examples - Print. Arnold notes Gramscis questions: What historically had kept the peasants [of Italy] in subordination to the dominant classes? [g2ww`\L ';]r!CDg%*/\zv00SjZ &) 3A7o\Zp:L==yMjl>ZR'HbVsXU!2Z j Alun Munslow is Lecturer in the Department of Humanities, North Staffordshire Polytechnic, Beaconside, Staffs., England, ST18 0AD. JSTOR. It may make it impossible for potentially oppositional groups to articulate their problems, Lears, T. J.Jackson, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities, The American Historical Review, 90, 3 (06, 1985), 56970CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Perhaps others feel their desired goals are so good and so pure the end justifies the means. Consent and repression exist together and hegemony is moral as well as economic. 5 0 obj<>/Font<>>> hat functions in our society today and will continue for future generations. Webscis concept of hegemony captures fresh insights about the laws ability to induce submission and paralysis while avoiding Gramscis reliance on orthodox Marxist categories that are no longer tenable. Cultural hegemony pushed such ideas out of the bounds of rational discussion concerning what a decent society should look like. it is a model for different societies to imitate. Concept learning investigating the possibilities for a human-machine dialogue TECHNICAL REPORT Gabriela Pavel, TJ Jackson Lears: The Concept of Cultural Hegemony, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities. "The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities." Concept of Cultural Hegemony WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibiliities by T. J. Jackson Lears Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This paper offers comments on this question with reference to the formation of the post-bellum American business culture and its ideology by examining the written works of one of its leading exponents, the industrialist Andrew Carnegie. 5 The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities Explains how the us took a turn that led them to solidify as the world power. 0000003643 00000 n The challenge of hegemonic theory and contradictory consciousness relates to parsing out aforementioned causes. Basic to this rhetorical approach to cultural formation is its assumption that ideology is a function of discourse, even though White, the most devoted practitioner of the theory of the poetic foundation of cultural practices, recognises Foucault's insight that discourse resides in the world and is bound up with property ownership, power and the imposition of force. WebCultural hegemony is a philosophical and sociological concept that deals with the dominance of a particular ruling/dominant social group over other social groups in a culturally diverse society. cit., 77273. Total loading time: 0 The flip side of renaming an object (see part 2 of this series) is to control the narrative to prevent others from reasserting the objects original name and meaning or creating a different one. Among the most significant link between the masses and the elite is language use. endobj Take a sneak peek into this essay! There are many documented cases of academic speech suppression and several universities canceled conservative speakers because they did not conform to the accepted narrative. WebLears, T.J J. Explains that gramsci does not associate hegemony with the governance of a solitary individual or any structuralist energy phenomena, but signifies various organizations of people and agents in state formations. The smaller groups are now imposing their concepts on the traditionally dominant group. endstream Argues that russia's geopolitical trauma caused by the end of the cold war is unlikely to be reversed with such dire internal social and demographic situations. Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2010. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. The American Historical Review 90.3 (1985): 567-93. Webscis concept of hegemony captures fresh insights about the laws ability to induce submission and paralysis while avoiding Gramscis reliance on orthodox Marxist categories that are no longer tenable. View all Google Scholar citations Concept of Cultural Hegemony But the only offer on the table seems to be more conflict and coercion through the same institutions that once transmitted the values of the Melting Pot and the American Dream. Web. Problem:Its the wrong bookIts the wrong editionOther Details (if other): Cancel Thanks for telling us about the problem. <> Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. T.J. Jackson Lears, in The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities, notes that cultural hegemony rests on the dynamics of consent and domination. <> During my doctoral studies, there was a distinct accepted narrative that reflected Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity. When she explained we were in a doctoral program and high standards are required, she was shouted down. [21] But one could argue: Behavior that apparently corresponds to dominant ideology cannot be read at face value as a product of divided consciousness and hegemony. It is a problem of interpretation, and it can be difficult for historians to parse out divided consciousness or cultural hegemony from other historical causes and show which has more explanatory value. 0000000016 00000 n <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[243.264 230.364 458.22 242.376]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Disagrees with fleuhrlobban's conclusion that there is a universal, objective, moral truth. The flip side of renaming an object (see part 2 of this series) is to control the narrative to prevent others from reasserting the objects original name and meaning or creating a different one. endstream Hegemony was derived from the Greek word "egemonia," meaning leader or ruler, often in the sense of a state other than his own (Williams 144). %PDF-1.7 % The paper first defines the state of American hegemony and then considers the primary challengers: Europe, Russia, China, Japan and imperial overstretch. Instead, it allows for power shifts between groups. <>stream Analyzes how gramsci's idea of hegemony is used to explain the subjugation of women. the most powerful spur to immigration has always been economic. Explains that hegemony has been occurring since the early 8th century during greek rule. DOI: 10.14731/kjis.2012.12.10.2.221 Corpus ID: 154841705; English and American Linguistic Hegemony : A Case Study of the Educational Testing Service @inproceedings{yoo2012EnglishAA, title={English and American Linguistic Hegemony : A Case Study of the Educational Testing Service}, author={yeon-sook yoo and Gon Don't already have a personal account? endobj Explains that the united states wields enormous power, both "hard" and "soft.". 23 The term passive revolution is defined by Gramsci as a form of hegemony whereby the masses are absorbed and neutralised by the bourgeoisie, thus preventing them from opposing the hegemonic class. hP2(0J4<4emq;h"s v ]i#Ut2$QY9Juc]X ;3;gKN It holds that, as a matter of fact, moral beliefs and practices vary between cultures (and sometimes between groups within a single society). 0000002474 00000 n 161 0 obj Opines that if we place the individual above our own relatives, are we not creating a future of selfishness? 8 0 obj<> Explains that hegemony is an idea that can be applied from microcosm to macrocosm anywhere in the world. While not claiming hegemony as the only cause, Lears argued that the democratic movement was most successful in parts of the nation with democratic traditions, where such norms were already within the bounds of acceptable discussion. Concludes that moral reasoning is shaped by culture and upbringing. endstream Copyright 2000-2023. <> endstream Explains that in the united states moral rules are not rigid; they permit exceptions and are of different importance and weight. The most recent previous treatment of White and his narratological theories of writing history is to be found in Ellis, Richard J. and Munslow, Alun, Narrative, Myth and the Turner Thesis, Journal of American Culture, 9, 2, (1986), 926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 8 Carnegie, , Triumphant Democracy, 442.Google Scholar, 9 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 11522.Google Scholar, 10 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 113.Google Scholar, 11 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 55.Google Scholar, 12 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 109.Google Scholar, 13 Carnegie, , Triumphant Democracy, 366.Google Scholar, 15 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 89.Google Scholar, 17 White, , Metahistory, 22.Google Scholar, 18 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 54.Google Scholar, 21 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 5561.Google Scholar, 22 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 14243.Google Scholar. Gramsci defined hegemony as the dominance of a social class over another. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Can it really persuade and stand on its own or is it part of a maskirovka for something else? the term traces its history back to the early 8th century. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Before Gramsci came up with hegemony, he was a Marxist. Notable landmarks are Lawrence, Goodwyn, Democratic Promise (New York, 1976)Google Scholar; Alan, Dawley, Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn (Cambridge, Mass., 1976)Google Scholar; Gutman, Herbert G., Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing America (New York, 1977)Google Scholar; Hirsch, Susan E., Roots of the American Working Class: The Industraliation of Crafts in Newark, 18001860 (Philadephia, 1978)Google Scholar; Cumbler, John T., Working Class Community in Industrial America: Work, Leisure, and Struggle in two Industrial Cities, 18801930 (Westport, Conn, 1979)Google Scholar; Montgomery, David, Worker's Control in America (Cambridge, Mass, 1979)Google Scholar; Milton, Cantor, ed., American Working Class Culture: Explorations in American Labor and Social History (Westport, Conn., 1979)Google Scholar; Brody, David, Workers in Industrial America (New York, 1980)Google Scholar; Laurie, Bruce, Working People of Philadelphia, 18001850 (Philadelphia, 1980)Google Scholar; Faler, Paul G., Mechanics and Manufacturers in the Early Industrial Revolution: Lynn, Massachusetts, 17801860 (New York, 1981)Google Scholar; Hahn, Steven, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 18501890 (New York, 1983)Google Scholar; Couvares, Francis G., The Remaking of Pittsburgh: Class and Culture in an Industrializing City, 18771919 (New York, 1984)Google Scholar; Bensman, David, The Practice of Solidarity: American Hat Finishers in the Nineteenth Century (Urbana, 1985)Google Scholar; Montgomery, David, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 18651965 (New York, 1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.